Busy
schedule for the day started at 7.30.Sir for the first time took us out
of the central computing lab to the hardware lab. The lab is hpc group's
workshop. There was
everything needed for the experiments in electronics in the lab.
Sir started off with the basics. Active and passive components. Active
components are those which do not require an external energy source whereas
passive components are those which require sources to operate. Resistors are
the most basic passive component. Resistors are specific in the way that they
have color bands surrounding it. The value of a resistor can be obtained from
the following table.
Capacitors are used for storing charges. For high power devices
capacitors of larger size and capacitance value are used.
Diode is an active device that is used widely in circuits due to its ability to
conduct current in unidirection. Diodes have two terminals and depending
on the biasing applied to the terminals diode can be forward or reverse biased.
Diodes is theoretically said to conduct in the forward biased condition.
Light emitting diodes popularly known as LED was used in the circuit with
a resistor and voltage power supply to demonstrate its operation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope
Transformers are voltage varying devices. They can either step up or
step down the voltage. A transformer is essential in DC power supplies as most
of the devices work on small DC voltages. The output of the half wave rectifier
shown below has ripples
or AC components and to remove it capacitor filter is used
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.visionics.ee/curriculum/Experiments/HW%2520Rectifier/Images/Image227.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.vi
or AC components and to remove it capacitor filter is used
Transistor is an active
device that is used for switching and
amplification. Transistor circuits were really challenging. When the voltage
across the transistor is greater than .7V transistor will be closed and it will
conduct current. For active mode of operation the emitter junction should be
forward biased and the collector junction should be reverse biased. Even though
transistors have three terminals a high power transistor is such that its body
is acting as the collector. This is enabled to dissipate the heat and usually
heat sinks are attached to these transistors. We made a motor run by using a
transistor switch. When AC source is used to drive the motor we would expect
the motor to vibrate between the ON/OFF state as the source signal is switching
between positive and negative cycles. But due to the effect of inertia of
rotation and the source being continuous this change over is not really felt.
Relays are
electrically operated switch. Basically it uses the principle of
electromagnetic induction. When voltage is applied across the input terminals
the coil gets charged and gains the properties of a magnet. There is normally
closed and normally open pair of output terminals in a relay. Relays was used
to light a bulb . Coupling relays to the secondary of a transformer through a
battery, we get a huge voltage at the primary.
Next
discussion was on the most sought out component of the modern era. INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS. IC’s changed the face of the world. Thousands of transistors are
integrated on to a single chip made of semiconductor substrate. T his helped to
reduce the size of mobile phones, computers etc. 78xx series of IC’s are used
as voltage regulators. As most of the electronic devices work on 5v DC sources
it is essential to reduce the available energy and it can be achieved by just
placing 7805 IC.
We put
forwarded some ideas to apply for the
intel embedded challenge. Some of the ideas were really mind blowing. If these
ideas are implemented in the expected way it can solve many problems.
Yes…
that was for the day.
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